THE FIRST GREEK BOOK
BY JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, PH.D, LL.D., LITT.D.
Professor Of Ancient Greek At Harvard University
This Revision Copyright ©2012 by Shawn Irwin
Lesson LXII - Irregular Comparison of Adjectives
S577. The following are the most important cases of irregular comparison:
|
POSITIVE |
COMPARATIVE |
SUPERLATIVE |
|
ἀγαθὸς, good |
ἀμείνων |
|
|
|
ἄριστος |
|
|
βελτίων |
βέλτιστος |
|
κρείττων |
κράτιστος |
| κακός, bad (543) |
χείρων |
χείριστος |
|
|
ἥττων |
ἥκιστα (adverb) |
|
καλός, beautiful |
καλλίων |
κάλλιστος |
|
μέγας, great |
μείζων |
μέγιστος |
|
μῑκρός, small |
μείων |
|
|
ὀλίγος, little, pl. few |
ἐλάττwn |
ἐλάχιστος |
|
πολύς, much, pl. many |
πλείων or πλέων |
πλεῖστος |
|
ῥᾴδιος, easy |
ῥᾴων |
ῥᾷστος |
S578. VOCABULARY.
ἀλλάττω, (ἀλλαγ), ἀλλάξω, ἤλλαξα, ἤλλαχα, ἤλλαγμαι, ἠλλάχθην and
ἠλλάγην, (compare ἄλλος), make other, change.
ἀνέχω, hold up; mid., stand firm against, endure.
ἀξιόω, ἀξιώσω, etc. (compare ἄξιος), think fit, deem proper, claim, demand.
ἀπαλλάττω, change off, abandon, rid oneself of; middle, depart, go away.
διὰτελέω, finish, complete.
ὅτε, conj, when.
παιδεύω, παιδεύσω, etc. (compare παῖς), train, educate.
ῥᾴδιος, ᾱ, ον, (compare ῥᾴδιως), easy.
ῥίπτω (ῥιφ), ῥίψω, ἔρρῑψα, ἔρρῑφα, ἔρρῑμμαι, ἐρρίφθην and ἐρρίφην, throw, hurl, cast aside.
σκευοφορέω, σκευοφορήσω, (compare σκευοφόρος), carry baggage.
στρέφω, στρέψω, ἔστρεψα, ἔστροφα, ἔστραμμαι, ἐστράφην and
ἐστρέφθην, turn, twist; intransitive, turn, face about.
τελέω, τελῶ, ἐτέλεσα, τετέλεκα, τετέλεεσμαι, ἐτελέσθην, (compare τέλος), finish, fulfill.
τετταράκοντα, (cοmpare τέτταρες), indeclinable, forty.
S579.
1. βέλτιον, εἶναι ἔφη τὰ ἄλλα εἰς τὸν ποταμὸν ῥῖψαι.
2. μέγιστον, ὦ ἄνδρες, ἔχετε καιρόν.
3. Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ἱππέᾱς οὐκ ἐλάττους τριᾱκοσίων εἶχεν.
4. ἄμεινόν ἐστι ταῦτα ἀνέχεσθαι ἢ ἀπαλλάττεσθαι.
5. οἱ δὲ πλεῖστοι στρέψαντεσ ἔφευγον ἀνὰ κράτος διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
6. οὖτοι ἀξιοῦσι τῶν λοχᾱγῶν μὴ χείρους εἶναι.
7. πολὺ γὰρ ῥᾷόν ἐστι διατελέσαι τὴν ὁδόν.
8. ἦσαν Κλεάρχῳ ἐν τῷ στρατεύματι ἱππεῖς πλείους ἢ τεττάρακοντα, τούτων δὲ οἱ πιεῖστοι Θρᾷκες.
9. ταῦτα ἀπαλλάξωμεν, ἵνα ὡς πλεῖστοι μὲν ἡμῶν ἐν τοῖς
ὅπλοις ὦσιν, ὡς ἐλάχιστοι δὲ σκευοφορῶσι.
πλεῖστοι quam plurimi, as many as possible. ὡ, or ὅτι may be prefixed to the superlative to strengthen it.
ὅπλοις in armis, under arms.
10. Κῦρος ἔτι παῖς ὢν ὅτʼ ἐπαιδεύετο καὶ σὺν τῷ ἀδελφῷ καὶ σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις παισὶ πάντων
πάντα κράτιστος ενομίζετο.
πάντων Partitive genitive with κρατιστος (842).
πάντα Accusative of specification (834).
S580.
1. For it is much easier to go away.
2. We should be worth more if we should have our arms.
more The genitive of value follows ἄξιος (853).
3. There were very many wild asses in the plain.
many Superlative (547).
4. It is best for us to proceed at once to the height.
5. For all the sons of the noblest Persians are educated at the kings court.
S581. Objection of Gaulites.
Κῦρος μὲν δὴ ταῦτα παρῄνει τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ λοχᾱγοῖς˙ Γαυλίτης
δὲ παρὼν φυγὰς Σάμιος, πιστὸς δὲ Kύρῳ, ἔλεξε "καὶ μήν, ὠ Κῦρε,
λεγουσί τινὲς ὅτι πολλὰ ὑπισχνεῖ νῦν ἐν κινδύνοις ὢν δεινοῖς, ἂν δὲ
καλῶς καταπράξῃς ἐφʼ ἃ στρατεύει, οὐ μεμνήσεσθαί σέ φᾱξιν ἔνιοι δὲ
καὶ λέγουσιν ὅτι οὐδʼ εἰ βούλοιο, οἷός τ᾽ ἂν εἴης πρᾶξαι ὅσα ὑπισχνεῖ."
πιστὸς Κύρῳ: in the confidence of Cyrus. Gaulites probably spoke by the direction of Cyrus.
καὶ μήν: and yet.
ὤν: the participle expresses cause (495, 2).
οὐ μεμνήσεσθαι: that you will not remember, i.e. that you will forget, future perfect of μιμνῄσκω,
remind, serving as simple future to the perfect, μέμνημαι, remember, which has the force of a present.
οὐδ᾽ εἰ . . . οἶος τ᾽ ἂν εἴης: not even if you should wish, would you be able (364).
See the route on the map.
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This Revision Copyright ©2012 by Shawn Irwin