THE FIRST GREEK BOOK
BY JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, PH.D, LL.D., LITT.D.
Professor Of Ancient Greek At Harvard University
This Revision Copyright ©2012 by Shawn Irwin



Lesson XLIII - Imperative Active

S400. The tenses occurring in the imperative are the present, aorist, and perfect, but only it few perfect active forms occur, and these are rare. For the distinction of time between the present and aorist, see 313.

S401. The personal endings in thc active are:

SINGULAR. PLURAL. DUAL.
2. θι τε τον
3. τω ντων των

S402. Learn the present and aorist imperative active of λύω in 765 ( λῦε) and 767 (λῦσον).

S403. In the second person singular of the present, θι is dropped. The form λῦσον in the aorist is irregular.

S404. Learn the present imperative of εἰμί in 795.

S405.
1. παῖε, εἰ κελεύει ὁ παῖς, strike, if the lad commands it.

2. ἀγόντων τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς, let them bring the soldiers.

3. πρὸς θεῶν συμβούλεύσον αὐτοῖς, in heaven's name, advise them.

S406. The imperative expresses a command, exhortation, or entreaty.

S407.
1. μὴ διδασκέτω (present imperative) τοὺς παῖδας ἀδικεῖν,
let him not teach the boys to do wrong.

2. τοῦτον τὸν παῖδα μὴ παίσῃς (aorist subjunctive),
do not strike this boy.

S408. In prohibitions, in the second and third persons, the present imperative or the aorist subjunctive is used with μὴ and its compounds.

S409. VOCABULARY.
διδάσκω (διδαχ), διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, δεδίδαχα, ἐδίδαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθην, teach, instruct, show.
γήλοφος, ου, ὁ, (γῆ + λόφος, crest, hill), mound of earth, hillock, hill.
δύο, two.
κομίζω, (κομιδ), κομιῶ, etc., carry away, bring, convey.
κράτος, ους, τό, strength, force, might.
μέρος, ους, τό, division, part, share, portion.
ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ, temper, anger.
παῖς, παιδός, ὁ, ἡ, child, boy, girl, son.
πηλός, οῦ, ὁ, clay, mire, mud.
σπεύδω, σπεύσω, ἔσπευσα, urge, hasten, be urgent.
ὥσπερ, conj. adverb, just as, as it were, as if.

S410.
1. μὴ ἄγε, ὡ Κλέαρχε, τό στράτευμα ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη.

2. μὴ ποιήσῃς ταῦτα, ὠ Σώκρατες.

3. Κύρῳ μᾶλλον φίλοι ἔστε ἠ τῷ ἀδελφῷ.

4. μὴ δίδασκε τὸν παῖδα αδικεῖν.

5. μὴ ὁρμήσητε ἀνὰ κράτος κατὰ τοῦ γηλόφου.

6. ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ δύο αγγέλους πεμψάντων πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος.

7. σπεύ­σατε, ὠ Πέρσαι, καὶ κομίσατε τὰς ἀμάξᾱς ἐκ τοῦ πηλοῦ.

8. μέρος τι τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ στρατεύματος πέμψατε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν.

9. παρακάλεσον ὥσπερ ὀργῇ τοὺς Πέρσᾱς εἴσω.
ὀργῃ Dative of manner, in anger (866).

10. καὶ εἰς τὸ μέσον τοὺς ἄρχοντασ ἄγετε˙ παρέστω δὲ ὁ κῆρυξ.

S411.
1. Send the messengers to the hill.
2. Be loyal to the Greeks.
3. Do not destroy the bridges.
4. Be friends and allies, soldiers, to Cyrus.
5. Fellow soldiers, do not wonder that I am grieved.
ὅτι

S412. The Wagons get stalled in the mire.
καὶ δή ποτε ἐν στενῷ καὶ πηλῷ ταῖς ἁμάξαις δυσπορεύτῳ ἔταξεν
ὁ Κῦρος δύο ἄρχοντας τῶν Περσῶν λαμβάνειν τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ
στρατεύματος καὶ συνεκβιβάζειν τὰς ἁμάξας. ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἐδόκουν αὐτῷ
σχολαίως ποιεῖν, ὥσπερ ὀργῇ ἐκέλευσε τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν Πέρσας
τοὺς καλοὺς κᾱγαθοὺς συνεπισπεύδειν τὰς ἁμάξᾱς. ἔνθα δὲ μέρος
τι τῆς ευταξίᾱς ἦν θεᾶσθαι.

στρατεύματος: partitive genitive (844).

See the route on the map.



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This Revision Copyright ©2012 by Shawn Irwin