THE FIRST GREEK BOOK
BY JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE, PH.D, LL.D., LITT.D.
Professor Of Ancient Greek At Harvard University
This Revision Copyright ©2012 by Shawn Irwin



Lesson IV - A-declension. - feminines in η.

S43. If ε, ι, or ρ does not precede (37), feminines generally end in η. This η appears only in the singular.

S44. PARADIGMS

κώμη, village
SINGULAR PLURAL
N κώμη village κῶμαι villages
G κώμης of a village κώμῶν of villages
D κώμῃ to or for a village κώμαις to or for villages
A κώμην village (the object) κώμᾱς villages (the objects)
V κώμη O village κῶμαι O villages
NAV κώμᾱ two villages, O, two villages
GD κώμαιν of two villages, to two villages, for two villages

ἡ καλὴ σκηνή, the fine tent
SINGULAR PLURAL
N ἡ καλὴ σκηνή the fine tent αἱ καλαὶ σκηναί tents
G τῆς καλῆς σκηνῆς of a fine tent τῶν καλῶν σκηνῶν of tents
D τῇ καλῇ σκηνῇ to a fine tent, for a fine tent ταῖς καλαῖς σκηναῖς to tents, for tents
A τὴν καλὴν σκηνήν the fine tent (the object) τὰς καλὰς σκηνάς tents (the objects)
V καλὴ σκηνή O, fine tent καλαὶ σκηναί O, tents
NAV τὼ καλὰ σκηνά two tents, O, two tents
GD τοῖν καλαῖν σκηναῖν of two tents, to two tents, for two tents

ἡ μῑκρα σκηνη, the little tent
SINGULAR PLURAL
N ἡ μῑκρὰ σκηνή the small tent αἱ μῑκραὶ σκηναί small tents
G τῆς μῑκρᾶς σκηνῆς of a small tent τῶν μῑκρῶν σκηνῶν of small tents
D τῇ μῑκρᾷ σκηνῇ to a small tent, for a small tent ταῖς μῑκραῖς σκηναῖς to small tents, for small tents
A τὴν μῑκρὰν σκηνήν the small tent (the object) τὰς μῑκρὰς σκηνάς small tents, (the objects)
V μῑκρὰ σκηνή O, small tent μῑκραὶ σκηναί O, small tents
NAV τὼ μῑκρὰ σκηνά two small tents, O, two small tents
GD τοῖν μῑκραῖν σκηναῖν of two small tents, to two small tents, for two small tents


S45. Vocabulary.
κραυγή, ῆς, ἡ, outcry, uproar
κώμη, ης ἡ, village
μάχη, ης, ἡ, battle, fight
σκηνή, ης, ἡ, tent
σφενδόνη, ης, ἡ, sling
κακή, adjective, bad
καλή, adjective, beautiful, fine
φοβερά, adjective, frightful, fearful
καί, conjugation and, also

S46.
1. ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἦσαν μῑκραὶ σκηναί.
2. αἱ μῑκραὶ οἰκίαὶ κακαι ἦσαν.
3. αἱ σκηναὶ καλαὶ ἦσαν.
4. ἐν τῇ κώμῃ μάχη φοβερὰ ἦν.
5. ἡ κραυγὴ τῆς στρατιᾶς φοβερὰ ἦν.
6. ἐν ταῖς καλαῖς κώμαις ἦσαν οἰκίαι.
7. σφενδόνην ἔχει ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ
8. κραυγὴ φοβερὰ ἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦν.
9. ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν αἱ σφενδόναι.
10. ἡ οικίᾱ μῑκρὰ ἦν καὶ ἡ σκηνὴ κακή.

Answers:
1. In the village there are small tents. 2. The small houses were bad. 3. The tents beautiful they were. 4. In the village a battle frightful it was. 5. The shout of the soldier fearful it was. [Note: στρατιᾶς might easily be mistaken for the accusative plural form, however, the article is a dead give away that this is singular.] 6. In the beautiful villages there were houses. 7. A sling he had in the tent. 8. A shout of fear in the villages it was. 9. In the tents there were slings. 10. The two houses small they were and the tent bad. [This is dual. See paradigm 62. (S-62)]

η|ή|ὴ -----» A-Decl Nom, Voc, Fem Sing
ης|ῆς -----» A-Decl Gen Fem Sing
ῃ|ῇ -------» A-Decl Dat Sing
ην|ήν -----» A-Decl Acc Fem Sing
αι|αί|αὶ --» A-Decl Nom, Voc, Fem Pl
ῶν --------» A-Decl Gen Fem Pl
ις|ῖς -----» A-Decl Dat Fem Pl
ᾱς|άς -----» A-Decl Acc Fem Pl

S47.
1. In the villages were tents.
2. They have slings in the tents.
3. The battles were fearful.
4. There was a small house in the village.
5. They have tents and slings.

Answers:
1. ἐν αἱ κώμαι σκηνὰς ἦσαν. 2. ἐν τὰς σκηνὰς ἔχουσι αἱ σφενδόναι. 3. αἱ μαχαὶ φοβερὰ ἧσαν. 4. ἦσαν ἡ οἰκιὰ μῑκρὰ ἐν τὴν κώμην. 5. ἔχουσι σκηναί καί σφενδόναι



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This Revision Copyright ©2012 by Shawn Irwin